flight recorder

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun An event recorder that records data about an aircraft's flight, such as airspeed, heading, and the procedures followed by the pilot.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun a device which records data that would be of use in investigating the cause of an aircraft accident; comprises a flight data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder